Cat

FOUR YEARS??? I hereby bestow this medal of honor and perseverance on our dear friend Aint2nuts... Now, do you have another riddle????

**nudges HSmom...** You up for converging on a certain Colorado mountain home for a major SHERMAN party???

**In the bathroom, after mentally tallying up your toilet paper stash *yet again*, you find yourself earnestly thinking up possible uses for the empty toilet paper cores.

Quote: just remember.... in the end.. I will have the fabric to make jeans, shirts, dresses, underware, bras, panties, slips, and aprons. And I guess the rest of us will become nudists...

POST IT, POST IT!!! Eggplant sauce sounds GOOD!! Yellow squash should work just fine. Adjust the sugar to your own tastes. And you're quite welcome for the recipe.

Awww..... Ya have me lookin' at the salmon EVERY time I get to the grocery store...

**Cat makes a note... Don't ever eat one of Granny's apple pies, since she doesn't core the apples FIRST...**

(With apologies to Shari Lewis...) ~~This is the thread that never ends; It just goes on and on, my friends... Somebody started writing it, not knowing where it'd go, And now it just keeps going on forever, don't you know...~~

Remembering...

So we can remember...

Memorial Day is a good time to see this again.

OK, now that I've scared the guys away from this thread... ~~~~~ A woman was leaving a 7-11 with her morning coffee when she noticed a most unusual funeral procession approaching the nearby cemetery. A long black hearse was followed by a second long black hearse about 50 feet behind. Behind the second hearse was a solitary woman walking a pit bull dog on a leash. Behind were 200 women walking single file. The woman couldn't stand the curiosity. She respectfully approached the woman walking the dog and said, "I am so sorry for your loss, and I know now is a bad time to disturb you, but I've never seen a funeral like this. Whose funeral is it?" The woman replied, "Well, that first hearse is for my husband." "What happened to him?" The woman replied, "My dog attacked and killed him." She inquired further, "Well, who is in the second hearse?" The woman answered, "My mother-in-law. She was trying to help my husband when the dog turned on her." A poignant and thoughtful moment of silence passes between the two women. "Can I borrow the dog?" "Get in line." ~~~~~ ITALIAN PASTA DIET -- IT REALLY WORKS !! 1.. You walka pasta da bakery. 2.. You walka pasta da candy store. 3.. You walka pasta da Ice Cream shop. 4... You walka pasta da table and fridge. You will lose weight! ~~~~~ The Silent Treatment A man and his wife were having some problems at home and were giving each other the silent treatment. Suddenly, the man realized that the next day he would need his wife to wake him at 5:00 AM for an early morning business flight. Not wanting to be the first to break the silence (and LOSE), he wrote on a piece of paper, "Please wake me at 5:00 AM." He left it where he knew she would find it. The next morning, the man woke up, only to discover it was 9:00 AM and he had missed his flight. Furious, he was about to go and see why his wife hadn't wakened him, when he noticed a piece of paper by the bed. The paper said, "It is 5:00 AM. Wake up." (Men are not equipped for these kinds of contests. ) ~~~~~ The Joy of Marriage When I was married 25 years, I took a look at my wife one day and said, "Honey, 25 years ago, we had a cheap apartment, a cheap car, slept on a sofa bed and watched a 10-inch black and white TV, but I got to sleep every night with a hot 25-year-old blonde. Now, we have a nice house, nice car, big bed and plasma screen TV, but I'm sleeping with a 50-year-old woman. It seems to me that you are not holding up your side of things." My wife is a very reasonable woman. She told me to go out and find a hot 25-year-old blonde, and she would make sure that I would once again be living in a cheap apartment, driving a cheap car, sleeping on a sofa bed and watching a 10-inch black and white TV. Aren't older women great? They really know how to solve your mid-life crisis. ~~~~~ A woman goes to the doctor for her yearly physical. The nurse starts with certain basic items. "How much do you weigh?" she asks. "115," she says. The nurse puts her on the scale. It turns out her weight is 140. The nurse asks, "Your height?" "5 foot 8," she says. The nurse checks and sees that she only measures 5' 5". She then takes her blood pressure, and tells the woman it is very high. "Of course it's high!" she screams, "When I came in here I was tall and slender! Now I'm short and fat!" ~~~~~

Shawna... Try asking the owners of the bulk food store if they'd sell you a "big bag" of the TVP. Who knows, they might get some sort of bonus with their supplier if they sell more, so they might be happy to help you. Doesn't hurt to ask!

The oatmeal hold the juices *and* the grease. Which really isn't *that* bad, unless you're watching the fat intake. Lots of people mix it into their meatloaf mix, because it makes it nice & moist.

bidy, something is *seriously* wrong at Avian Flu Talk. I checked it out, but the owner seems to be a real control freak. *He boots people out for little or no reason. *He got rid of the Private Messaging system because people were contacting each other privately instead of everything out in the open, where he could easily access it. *You are required to give him your email addy, but then if you try to leave it in your profile so others can contact you, he mixes it up so it's unreadable. *If you join any other Flu forum and he sees you *there*, he boots you out of *his*... which he did to me tonight. When I saw some of the things people were posting about food and water, I tried to direct them *here* just for canning and solid food info. He deleted it and booted my first identity. So I emailed him and asked him about helping people by sharing our good info, but his reply was that I should direct people *there*. So the people left are talking about storing water in their basements in Ziplock bags and how "they think" you need a pressure canner for meats. And DON'T use the same passwords for every forum you go to... my experiences there sure validated that. What if he used them to try and get into *here*, or my email, or whatever...? Too many people use the same password *everywhere*, giving an easy intro to someone up to no good. I've found a much better one where many of AFT's booted people went. It's called "Plan for Pandemic" and is found here: http://planforpandemic.com/index.php

Drying zucchini Safetylady 08/01/05 I usually shred and dehydrate my excess zucchini. Dry until crisp. I just took a package out of the 5 gallon bucket I store baggies of vegetables in, rehydrated it, added one egg, 1/2 cup cottage cheese, 1/4 cup grated paremsan cheese, 1/2 cup flour, salt and pepper, a dash of hot sauce to zip it up and made fritters. I had about 2 cups rehydrated. Had no excess water to drain. Sauteed in hot skillet with 1 T olive oil and a small pat of butter. I do the same with carrots, beets, potatoes any hard winter vegetable. We had these with homemade salsa. They were really good. Also make the same type of fritter with spinach (fresh or frozen) just squeeze out moisture if frozen and add an extra 1/2 bread crumbs or cracker crumbs. Sometimes I dip in parmesan cheese and saute. Good with extra marinara sauce. If yu have children who are not veggie eaters, grind dried veggies until almost powder, add to meatballs, meatloaf, chili, soup, even muffins. Snuck so many veggies into grand children and they didn't even know it. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dehydrating Potato's Deblyn 09/17/05 Has anyone dehydrated potato's? I followed the directions in the Blue Book and more than 1/2 the potato's turned brown. Why???? I steam blanched them, rinsed and dehydrated. ************ goatherder 09/17/05 Did you soak them in a lemon juice and water solution after blanching? It sounds as if they oxidized. That is what usually turns fruits and veggies dark. ************ Deblyn 09/17/05 No, I didn't! It said to just rinse them with cold water after.....I will try the lemon juice water...how long should I soak them and how much lemon juice to water? Thanks! ************ westbrook 09/17/05 Since we don't have hard ground freeze here, potatos can stay in the ground until we are ready to use. A cool, dark place also will keep potatos for a very long time. if they start to spout.. plant them! ************ goatherder 09/17/05 Blanch for 5 minutes then soak in a mixture of 1/2 cup lemon juice to 2 quarts cold water. Then dry as usual. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Preparing dried vegetables Lois 03/27/06 I have made meat loaf with dried onions, green peppers and celery. It comes out well if you put the veg flakes in hot water and reconstitute before adding to meat. Just remember that dried vegetables are basically raw and must be cooked to tenderize them. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Question Re: Dehydrating Lemons Deblyn 06/07/06 I was wondering if you have dehydrated lemons? I read in a book about dehydrating the lemon and grinding it into powder to use in recipes. Do you dehydrate the entire lemon or only the lemon peel???????? ************ Magpie 06/07/06 Well, I usually dry the peels (great to toss into tea mixes!) and when I want to preserve the lemon itself... not so much with the drying. Candying, stored in vinegar, and frozen for me. But I'd be intrigued to hear how it works out for you if you do go the whole lemon route. ************ Cat 06/07/06 The things I learn from you all... both in the asking *and* the finding!! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Drying lemons How do I dehydrate whole fruits, i.e. whole lemons? Jay Whole lemons are easy to dehydrate, although, obviously you must slice the whole lemon in order to dehydrate it. I buy them whenever I can get a good deal, then dehydrate them and make a great lemon powder that I use in a huge variety of recipes, from baked goods to Chinese food. Wash the lemons with hot water to remove any insect spray or other noxious chemicals. Pat them dry, then slice about a quarter of an inch thick. Remove and discard any seeds from the lemon rounds and place the rounds in a single layer on a dehydrator screen or on a cookie sheet, if you don’t have a dehydrator. Dehydrate at about 145° F until they are dry. The oven of your gas kitchen range, with only a pilot light on, will dry your cookie sheet trays of lemons. Or you can leave them in the backseat of your car on a warm, sunny day. They dry quickly. Once they are dry, the pulp is crispy and the rind tough and leathery. What I do is whiz them in the old blender that I got at the dump, until the whole lemon is a granular powder. This is excellent in pies, all baked goods, and a ton of other recipes. It is very lemony in fragrance and taste. — Jackie http://www.backwoodshome.com/advice/aj92.html ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Looks like the whole thing, then powder. ************ Deblyn 06/07/06 Thank you! I am going to try it today with the whole lemon and see how it turns out! This will be the second thing I try with my new dehydrator. I will let you know how it does! ************ MomHomeSchools4 06/07/06 could this be used for lemonade? ************ westbrook 06/07/06 don't waste your time! because... http://www.truelemon.com/cooking.html this is awesome stuff! send me your addy (snail mail) and I will drop a couple packets in the mail... try it yourself. I found it at albertsons. ... now I want the lime! ************ Deblyn 06/07/06 Westbrook, you are right, the True Lemon is good! I have some...and I too want to try the lime. I was given some lemons and I thought it would be fun to try and save for dessert recipes, etc that call for it. True Lemon can be expensive, although I just bought a box for .50 cents due to a sale and a coupon! ************ westbrook 06/08/06 how about canning lemons! http://www.pickyourown.org/canningcitrus.php ************ Deblyn 06/08/06 Wow, I never thought about canning the lemons. I will have to try that sometime. I did dehydrate the lemons and ground it into a powder. It seemed to work well. I tried the lemonade, but I think I put too much powder in it. I will have to try again. I put it away for now to save for recipes that call for lemon rind, etc. ************ Pansy 06/08/06 I'm with Westie - True Lemon and True Lime are wonderful! Canning the Lemons sounds absolutely wonderful, wonder if I could get DH to do this? He (as I have previously said, got burned on Y2K and doesn't want to "get carried away") Anyhow very interesting and I added the Citrus site to the favorites (boy is that getting long....) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Slicing Foods To Dehydrate waiting 05/26/06 Do any of you use special equipment to slice your food to a consistant width for even dehydrating? Any tips? ************ Darlene 05/26/06 Yes, I use a special piece of equipment called a Mandoline...it keeps everything uniform. ************ waiting 05/26/06 Mandoline. Sounds like some Chinese torture device. I'll go check them out. Thanks. ************ westbrook 05/26/06 I freeze my meat first and then use a meat slicer. I have a restaurant model and a hand crank model. Wal-Mart carries a Rival electric for $70.00 or less ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

westbrook 11/23/05 with all this talk about dehydrators we need some recipes! Zucchini Chips -Peel Zucchini, slice very thin, sprinkle with taco seasoning or ranch seasoning or garlic salt or any thing you like. Dry. Apple Slices - Peel, seed and slice apples (dice them too) sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar. Dry. Eat as snacks or use in cakes and muffins. ************ Spider 11/23/05 I have never dehydrated anything... think I might have to buy a dehydrator now. ************ westbrook 11/23/05 Dog Training Treats purchase beef liver (or any liver; chicken, rabbit, goat) Spray with Pam lay slices on the tray Dry 12-18 hours depending on dehydrator If liver is pliable, cut into bite size pieces with scissors and place in paper bag or open container for a couple of days to continue to dry. If dried hard, break into bite size pieces or what ever you get and store in a continer. Since I dry 20-40 pounds of liver at a time, I store it in giant plastic mayo containers (with lid on) and use by the pockets full for training. ************ Jo 11/23/05 Quote: ________________________________________ Apple Slices - Peel, seed and slice apples (dice them too) sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar. Dry. Eat as snacks or use in cakes and muffins. ________________________________________ Can you used dried apple slices in a pie, the same as fresh apples? (after soaking them or something?) ~Jo ************ Phatkat1956 11/23/05 Yea, they are better if soaked in apple juice. Apple pie isn't my favorite, but dried apple pies YUCK! Dried Apple Pies I loathe, abhor, detest, despise, Abominate dried-apple pies. I like good bread, I like good meat, Or anything that's fit to eat; But of all poor grub beneath the skies, The poorest is dried apple pies. Give me the toothache, or sore eyes, But don't give me dried apple pies. The farmer takes his gnarliest fruit 'Tis wormy, bitter, and hard, to boot; He leaves the hulls to make us cough, And don't take half the peeling off. Then on a dirty cord 'tis strung And in a garret window hung, And there it serves as roost for flies, Until it's made up into pies. Tread on my corns, or tell me lies, But don't pass me dried-apple pies. ---Unknown ************ westbrook 11/23/05 Here is a recipe I pulled up with a search... Dried Apple Crumb Pie Recipe Source: Preserving Fruits and Vegetables Serves 6 You can have a dessert in an emergency if you keep one of these in the freezer. Other necessary recipes: Dried Apple Rings RECIPE INGREDIENTS For Filling: 12 oz dried apples 1 quart apple cider 3 tablespoons cornstarch 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg 1/3 cup sugar 9-inch shortcrust pastry pie shell For Crumb Mixture: 1/2 cup sugar 3/4 cup all-purpose flour 1/3 cup butter ice cream or whipped cream for garnish (optional) RECIPE METHOD Preheat the oven to 425 degrees. TO MAKE FILLING: In a saucepan, simmer the dried apples in the cider until soft but not broken, about 30 minutes. Place the apples in a colander and drain, reserving 1/4 cup of the liquid. Allow the apples to cool before proceeding. In a mixing bowl, combine the cornstarch, nutmeg, and sugar with the apples. Pout the reserved cooking liquid over the apple mixture and mix gently. Transfer the filling to a 9-inch unbaked pie shell or leave it off and spoon it directly into a buttered 9-inch pie dish. TO MAKE CRUMB MIXTURE: In a food processor, combine the crumb mixture ingredients. Spoon the crumb mixture over the apple filling. The pie may be baked at this point, or frozen for up to 6 months. Bake the pie for about 1 hour, until golden brown. Serve with ice cream or whipped cream, as desired. DO-AHEAD SUGGESTION: If you are freezing the pie, you can line the pie dish with foil and then, once frozen, you can slip the pie off the dish and re-use the dish. When you come to use the frozen pie, simply remove the foil and replace in the pie dish. Nutrition Facts Serves 6 Facts per Serving Calories: 594 Fat: 18g Carbohydrates: 110g Cholesterol: 28mg Sodium: 193mg Protein: 3g Fiber: 6g % Cal. from Fat: 27% % Cal. from Carbs: 74% ************ Mother 11/28/05 I have four dehydators and use them a LOT. One of them can be used for making yogurt and sour cream when I want to make more than my two yogurt makers will hold. The book, "Dry It, You'll Like It", by Gen MacManiman (1973)is wonderful but I'm not sure it's still in print. It's got recipes for dried cookies, crackers, and a ton more. It's even got directions for building your own dehydrator. Here's one of my familie's favorites: Jamie's Breakfast Cookies Blend (in a blender on high speed) until smooth: 3/4th cup oil, 2/3rd cup honey, 3 or 4 large apples, unpeeled, cored and chopped, and 2 Tsp. vanilla or a small wedge of organic lemon. This is your cookie base. Mix in: 3 cups rolled oats, 1 cup sunflower seed, 1 cup raisins or chopped dates. Stir well. Let stand for 1/2 to 1 hour to allow the oats to soak up flavors. Drop by spoonful onto parchment paper (wax paper does work too) and dry untl firm. One or two days depending on the texture you prefer. (That is if you just let them set on a counter to dry, I only dry these about a day in the dehydrator. Soft ones should be refrigerated probably to keep longest, dryer ones will keep without.) Variations: Add 1/2 cup ground flax or sesame seeds; 1 cup of chopped nuts; different dried fruits, or add spices like coriander or cinnamon to cookie base. Note: The versatile cooky base, above, makes a delicious and unusual fruit-salad topping. It also taste great all by itself, pudding -style, with maybe a few chopped nuts or crumbled sesame squares on top. This recipe goes to show that you don't have to dry just plain fruit and veggies. Here's a tip though. I buy mixed veggies when I find a really good buy on them and then dry them until crisp in my dehydrator. They store almost forever. I use them to put in soups, to reconstitute, to grind up into a powder for an instant soup base (this is good when you also add dried onion, garlic, peppers and spices or even some powdered bullion for a quick soup. Just add boiling water and let steep for a while) and my grand kids like to munch on them just as they are. Of course you can dehydrate any frozen veggies but I usually dry what I grow. It's just nice to have these all cut up in tiny pieces and already mixed together. And how about "Tomato Figs" Is anyone interested in a recipe to dry sweetened small tomatoes? They really do taste like figs and the left over syrup is almost like molasses. Basically, you cover small, peeled tomatoes(like grape or pear or small roma's) with dry brown sugar. (no water) About two pounds for four pounds of tomatoes, approx. start heating them on very low heat, lifting the tomatoes from time to time in the brown sugar until the brown sugar melts and the tomatoes float in the resulting syrup. Simmer them for an hour or two until the tomatoes start to look almost clear and like they have absorbed the syrup. Drain with a slotted spoon and place them on a glass plate or sheet of stiff plastic either in the sunshine (if you can keep the flies off them) or in a dehydrator. Now comes the sticky part.......turn them over at least twice a day and let them dry until they are almost dry to the touch ( but still a bit tacky or sticky). About three days in a dehydrtor, more in the sunshine. Sprinkle or dip them in powdered sugar and store between layers of waxed paper. They keep really well. The left over syrup is great over pancakes, in cookies and etc. It will keep about two months in the frig but If I have a lot of it, I can it by pouring it, boiling hot, into small jars, wipe the rims really well and cap with a hot cap. You can just turn the jar upside down for about a half hour to help it seal before turning it back and letting it cool. I've never had any of this spoil canned this way. If you are in doubt, just put the sealed jars in a hot water bath for about ten minutes. Okay, now I'm ready for some more recipies from you all. Can you tell I like to dehydrate things? ************ Mother 11/28/05 hey, forgot, I also put a recipe for Roasted Apple peel tea, made in a dehydrator, on the nature's prescriptions area.... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ dehydrating hamburger MomHomeSchools4 03/20/06 Well I finnally took the plunge and dried some hamburger today. I had read about other people doing it, and it looked interesting so I figured why not. First I cooked it like I would for taco meat or chili. After draining as well as possible I put it in my metal collinder and poured boiling water over it, trying to remove as much fat as possible. I let it sit and drain for a little while then put it in the dehydrator. On the bottom rack I put the fruit roll up tray to catch any tiny peices. It didn't take long to dry really. about 3-4 hours is all. Now I have a qt jar about 3/4 full of what used to be 2.5 pounds of hamburger! Now it looks like rat turds! Sorry, gross I know, but true. Has anyone else ever done this, eaten it and lived? Guess I'll try it for supper tomorrow before doing any more. ************ Darlene 03/20/06 ROFL! You are too cute... Nope, I'm not a big dehydrator girl...I am outta control with canning and can hamburger all the time...you'll hafta let us know how it reconstitutes...like you said, I've read here where others have done that too and said it's fine. ************ MomHomeSchools4 03/20/06 cute? me? I have tried canning burger, but I didn't care for the texture. Maybe if I raw packed it instead? I did manage to can about 25qts each of beef and pork cubes along with some extra pints of broth from both. I've been looking for a good deal on chicken to can next. Sam's wants $.79 a pound for whole chickens, who are they kidding! I liked the idea of the dry burger because not only does it need no refridgeration, but its light if it has to be carried. Maybe I'll let hubby eat it first, then the next night the rest of us can taste it he has a stomach of iron anyway. ************ Darlene 03/20/06 Quote: ________________________________________ Maybe I'll let hubby eat it first, then the next night the rest of us can taste it he has a stomach of iron anyway. ________________________________________ ROFL! You are SO naughty! ************ Safetylady 03/20/06 I use dehydrated burger all the time. I put it in chili or spaghetti. It rehydrates really well. I also use tvp all the time with the dehydrated burgeer. My food snob grandkids can't tell the difference. I usually put it in at the beginning of the cooking process. ************ MomHomeSchools4 03/21/06 Well I just made up a pot of chili using my rat turds, oh sorry, I mean dry burger. I have to say it cooks up wonderfully and I really can't tell that it was dried. I think this is the way we are going to store ground beef from now on. Much better than canning it IMHO. I thought the canned burger was, I don't know, "sand-y" in texture. But really I can't taste or feel any difference in this. WHOO HOOO Please don't anybody tell me its bad to do this, cause I don't wanna hear it! LOL ************ Darlene 03/21/06 Well, I grind my own meat for hamburger so I control the grind and mine comes out NOT sand-y...so HA! p.s. Oh, btw did I tell you what happened to the Smith's when they used dehydrated hamburger? Oh my gosh, you just wouldn't believe it..well see, what happened was Mrs. Smith.....oooops, forgot you didn't wanna know...oh well, you can't say I didn't warn ya!... rofl ************ LivinSimple 05/15/06 Has anyone else tried dehydrating hamburger? I was looking for info on canning it but ran across this post. I like the idea of having things stored different ways. Sort of like not having all my eggs in one basket. I'm interested in finding out if anyone else has any input on drying the hamburger. ************ waiting 06/03/06 Never tried drying hamburger before but trying to dry some today. Got about 5 more hours to go. Read a lot of posts about it and one on another site from a trail guide and took info from all. Instead of running hot water from faucet over it though, I did what the trail guide suggested and poured off the grease, then put water in pan and brought to a boil to get as much grease out of it as possible. Poured off the water and added more and brought to a boil again. Did this 3 times. (He called it "flashing".) Figured it would get out more grease since our water heater is set at 140 degrees and boiling it is 212. Don't know how all this will turn out, but it's cooking. Still don't have my dehydrating book yet but it should come in this week, hopefully. Anyone know how you can really tell it's dry enough? Would hate to jar it and vacuum seal it and then have moisture bubbles on the inside of the jar. I guess if that happened it would be ok to put it back in the dryer to dry some more and then jar it again?

DEHYDRATING Cat 04/23/04 BANANAS Choose all yellow or lightly speckled bananas. Too green and they won’t be sweet; too ripe and they will be unappetizing. Preheat the dehydrator at 5-10 degrees higher than the recommended temperature for your food (about 135 degrees F). The moisture in the food cools your dryer at first, so my book says to leave it at the slightly higher temperature for one hour at the beginning of your food drying, then turn down to the recommended temp. Bananas must be pretreated before drying. Dip in unsweetened pineapple juice, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) dissolved in water (1 Tbsp. crushed & dissolved in 1 qt. water), or try the honey dip (my favorite!). (Honey Dip: ) **Dissolve 1 c sugar in 3 c hot water. Cool to lukewarm, then stir in 1 c honey.** Peel the bananas and cut into 1/8” to 1/4” slices, removing any bruised portions Dip fruit in small batches, remove with slotted spoon, and drain well before placing them on the trays. Dry at 135 degrees until leathery, roughly 8 hours. Eat as a snack or crumble into cookies, cakes, or cereal. ************ debbielee 04/23/04 I made banana chips using the honey dip and they came out like sticky hard things......did'nt like em at all.......i had more luck cutting them thinly..length wise....and doing no treatments and they came out like curly twigs but were tastier......just what i found... ************ Cat 04/24/04 Hmmm, debbielee, I wouldn't have ever tried them without a dip. I'll have to try it & see! Thanks! Another easy thing to try: ONIONS Dried onions are very versatile in cooking, and require no pretreatment, which means if you can get past the initial chopping without tears, they’re *easy* to dry and good to use. They do, however reabsorb moisture more easily, so you’ll have to be careful to keep them dry. I save the food-grade silica crystal packs (they absorb moisture in the air) I find in vitamins and reuse them in things like this. Dried chopped onions can be whirled dry in a food processor or blender to make a dry powder to use in cooking. You can keep it in a jar in the freezer to avoid clumping. Don’t dry onions with other vegetables because of their smell and taste, which most likely would transfer somewhat to the other food. You might try refrigerating (for 5-12 hours) the onions you plan to chop to dry, because some people swear they don’t cause tears as easily. After you’re finished, wash your hands while rubbing a stainless steel utensil all over your hands where the onion smell is, and the smell pretty much disappears! Remove the root and top, and peel off the papery outer layers. Cut the onion into 1/4 to 1/8” slices, and chop. Dry at 145 degrees F until leathery. ************ Dee 04/24/04 OK Cat, I'm going to try the apples and onions. My MIL has the best apple tree I've ever eaten from. I eat about 4 apples a day when they're ripe but no matter how many I eat I can't eat them all! Sooo, I'm going to try drying some, they sound good. I've frozen onions but never dried them. This year I'm going to! Thanks! ************ MommyofSix 04/24/04 Has anyone done minced onions or garlic? They're so small I can't put them on a rack. Maybe a screen? Oooh, going to talk to dh about making a screen for the oven! LOL ************ Cat 04/24/04 My deydrator has a fine plastic screen, but I can't always depend on things *not* falling through. I keep meaning to try plastic window screening. Just have to figure out if they're *food safe*! Just don't use any metal screening. It can cause problems with chemical interactions. **EDITED** I found this: SUN DRYING: Prepared foods are placed on drying trays. Stainless steel screening and thin wood lath are good materials for home-constructed drying trays. As aluminum screening reacts with acids in the fruit, it is less desirable. Do not use galvanized, copper, fiberglass, or vinyl screening. Trays measuring about 14" X 24" X1" are an easy size to handle. If trays are to be used in an oven, they should be 1-1/2" smaller in length and width than oven shelves to allow air circulation. Place trays of food away from dusty roads and yards. Elevate them at least 1" above the table with spools or bricks to allow good air circulation below the food. Cover the food with a muslin or cheesecloth tent to protect it from insects. Dry fruits in direct sunlight; move trays periodically to assure direct sun exposure. Place vegetables in the shade to prevent excessive color loss. If weather turns rainy, you will have to complete the drying process using another method. To destroy insects or their eggs that may be on sun-dried foods and to remove additional moisture in thicker pieces, heat foods in a 150° oven for 30 min. OVEN DRYING: Either build trays as described for sun drying or convert oven racks to drying racks by stretching muslin or cheesecloth across the oven rack. Secure with toothpicks or long sewn stitches. Alternate trays in the oven periodically to assure even drying. Set oven control at its lowest setting, but not below 140-50°. If using an electric oven, wedge a potholder between oven and door to allow a 1" opening. Moisture from the drying food will vent through this opening. Close the door on a gas oven, as vent will permit moisture to escape. http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_e/e-322.html ************ debbielee 04/24/04 A Great tip i was taught...from HERE i think........if you use a electric food dehydrator....like i do......go to sewing section of ANY STORE and buy the White Plastic Needlepoint/craft mesh... each sheet is around 60 cents....and all you have to do is Cut it to fit your trays....it stops the smaller foods from going through.....is washable and works like a charm.......the only thing i've found is if you do red peppers.....the color stains....but who cares right? GREAT TIP about the dry absorber thingies from vitamins.....your goooooood Kitty! I've never dried onions cuz i was afraid the house would reek of onions while they where drying....so i thought of putting the dehydrator outside....and give that a shot...you can never have enuff dried onions. And Dee.....you'll lOVE the apples for snacking.....they are a real treat! I've had great success drying Peppers...ya don't have to blanch them ...just cut them and dry.....some veggies/fruits you have to blanch first.....and carrots are great to use in soups especially.......they are cute when you dry them....like tons of orange toenails..hahhaha ************ Cat 04/25/04 I think this is from Armorer or DoubleOught (some of you remember!! ). It's more involved than just using the Teriaki sauce, but after your DH gets wind of new *recipes* for your jerky, HE'LL be buying the meat for you! BEEF JERKY 2 c soy sauce 1/2 c water 3 Tbs Worcestershire sauce 1 Tbs liquid smoke (look near the Worcestershire sauce in the grocery) 1 Tbs garlic powder or onion powder (or, in proportion, use both if you're adventurous!) 1 Tbs ground ginger black pepper (optional) Mix well and marinate thin slices of sirloin steak 4 hours to overnight. Dry for jerky. ************ Cat 04/26/04 CORN Corn begins to lose its flavor soon after picking, so process it immediately. The faster, the tastier! You can use sweet corn or fresh field corn. Remove the husk and the silk, then trim the end if it’s long. Steam the corn on the cob until the milk inside has “set”. Test it by cutting a few kernels, and if the milk doesn’t come out, it’s ok. (Write down the approximate time for your future reference… mine is about 4 minutes.) Cut the corn of the cob, trying not to cut part of the cob with it. (I usually carefully cut off the kernels and the scrape the rest of the cob off into what will become corn for supper.) Spread the corn onto the trays (these will dry small!!!) in a single layer and dry at 125 degrees F until brittle. Stir the corn several times to help it dry evenly. Reconstituted, this can be used in corn fritters, soups, stews, breads, or creamed. It can be ground up dry for cornmeal. ************ MommyofSix 04/26/04 About potatoes... We eat a LOT of potatoes, and I don't have the freezer space to freeze them. I'd prefer to buy a bunch on sale and preserve them. How do you rehydrate them? Are they OK mashed? What about fried? I did some searching so now I know to blanch them and all that good stuff, but I'm still wondering about once the dehydrating is done, LOL. Thanks! ************ Cat 04/26/04 I usually follow these general directions, but some things like corn I just throw into soups. From my books: Most dried vegetables are used after being rehydrated and cooked. You may rehydrate and cook at the same time, but they will be more tender & flavorful if rehydrated and then cooked. Place the vegetables in a container and pour in an equal amount of water or juice. Cold water is fine, but boiling or hot liquid will shorten the rehydration time. But it will also start to cook them. Soak them anywhere from 10 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the size of the pieces and temperature of the liquid. Soaking longer that 2 hours may restart bacterial action, spoiling the food. Vegetables are considered rehydrated when they return to near-normal size. Leafy vegetables like cabbage, chard, or spinach are fine enough to rehydrate during the cooking process; don't soak them. POTATOES My books say the Russet potatoes are the best for drying, and fresh is best. Old potatoes will have tough, leathery skins and may not taste fresh when rehydrated. Wash potatoes well, peel if desired. Cut as desired; french-fry style in 1/4 “ pieces, or 1/4-1/8” slices, or grate. Steam blanch 4-6 minutes, then rinse well in cool water (may turn black during drying if not properly pretreated). Dry at 125 degrees F for 6-12 hours, until brittle and semi-transparent. Test and store carefully; any lingering moisture can cause the whole batch to mold. Reconstituted, use in soups, casseroles, potato dishes. Very thin slices may be used dried as “chips” with dips. I would guess that if you dried cooked potatoes as "flakes" or grind them, you could use them for mashed, but it would be difficult (IN MY OPINION) to cook and then mash the larger pieces. But then nothing ventured, nothing "learned"!!! ************ Snowmom 04/27/04 We have never had good luck drying potatoes. I have a neice who has made a lot of potato chips by drying them, they turned out real good for her. Guess we will have to try it again this fall when the potatoes get dug. So, this is a print out post. ************ happygirl 04/27/04 Now with dehidrated foods for storage....would you have to keep extra water? If I had to choose between canning and dehidrating (right now I can't afford to buy either! ), wouldn't they both take about as much space? Because even though the dry stuff is smaller, wouldn't you need the water to reconstitute(sp?) it? just wonderin'...for when I can afford it! ************ MommyofSix 04/27/04 For some things yes, but... That water could be used for other things, or, if the flavors wouldn't clash, you could use water you'd previously cooked/rehydrated something in. So I would think you wouldn't need a whole bunch extra per serving. ************ Cat 04/27/04 I'm afraid you'd probably have to think about the water. At least with canning, you *have* that extra liquid that can be used - vegetable water for soups & casseroles, fruit liquids for jello, desserts, etc. So it's a consideration. If you're camping or on the move, dried foods can be chewed for snacks/nutrition and carried without breakage worries, though. TOMATOES I’ve done tomatoes, and I like them powdered best. It’s easy to stir in the amount of powder you need for your recipe, and if you need tomato paste, you can mix just what you need instead of opening a whole can. Low-acid tomatoes, which include many of the newer types, will turn black while drying. My book says to puree those in a blender, and add 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar per quart to them before drying as a “leather”. Then cut into useable pieces or grind into powder. Dry using kitchen parchment paper or plastic wrap on trays. Varieties with meaty walls are better for drying. Wash tomatoes and core/remove stem. To remove skins, dip them first in boiling water, then immediately in cold water. The skins should slip off easily. Halve cherry tomatoes, slice larger tomatoes into 1/4” slices. Dry at 145 degrees F until leathery or brittle. Use in soups, chili, stews, sauces, or flavoring with other vegetables. Powdered tomatoes can be used as tomato sauce, paste, or catsup. ************ Cat 04/28/04 Mix this as you prefer. For example, I don’t like celery taste as much, so I’d probably use less of the celery flakes & seeds. SAVORY SEASONING MIX 3 Tbsp dried onion flakes 1/4 c dried parsley flakes 1 tsp powdered garlic dash of cayenne pepper 3 tsp sea salt 1 tsp seasoned salt (Lawreys) 1 tsp ground pepper 1/4 c dried celery flakes 1/4 c celery seeds 2 tsp dill seeds 2 Tbsp paprika 1/4 c poppy seeds 2 c sesame seeds 3 c grated dried cheese (Parmesan or Romano) Mix all ingredients together. Place in an airtight container & store in a cool, dry place. Makes about 1 quart. Sprinkle on potatoes, casseroles, or salads. ************ Cat 04/29/04 STRAWBERRIES Choose large berries that are intensely red, firm, and juicy, with no soft spots. Wash berries, then cut off green caps and slice 1/4” to 3/8” thick. Dry at 135 degrees F until leathery and crisp. Use in yogurt, pies, pancakes, or plain as a snack. ************ Cat 05/01/04 DRIED GARLIC Cover drying trays with parchment paper or plastic wrap. Peel and finely chop garlic bulbs. Spread onto trays, dry at 105 degrees F until crisp. Store as is or grind to a powder in a blender or mortar & pestle. To make garlic salt, use 1 part garlic powder to 4 parts salt. PARSLEY Wash parsley lightly under cold running water. Separate clusters and throw away long or tough stems. Spread over drying trays. Dry for about 1 hour at no more than 95 degrees F until crisp and papery. Store in small airtight containers, and crush before using. (Store carefully, as it reabsorbs moisture easily.) ************ Cat 05/02/04 ASAPARAGUS Asparagus does not store well so process as soon as possible. Wash spears and break or cut off the tough end. Slice remainder into 1” pieces. Blanche if desired. Dry at 125 degrees F until brittle. Rehydrated, serve in sauces or soups. GREEN OR WAX BEANS Stringless varieties are best for drying. Wash beans and remove the pointed ends. (I don’t know why… ) Cut into 1” pieces or slice “French style”. If desired, pretreat by blanching. Dry at 125 degrees F until brittle. Rehydrated, serve as a side dish cooked with pork or ham for added flavor, or combine with other vegetables in soups and casseroles. ************ debbielee 05/02/04 Didn’t know asparagus could be dried.....iiinteresting...... I laughed when i read the green beans.....cuz i did some and man....are they CUTE when they are dehydrated!! ************ Cat 05/04/04 Yes, debbielee... the housewives used to string them on strings and dry them up near the warm wood-stove-heated ceilings. They laughed, too, and called them "leather britches"!! SWEET PEPPERS Any sweet pepper can be dried - green, red, yellow, or the newer darker varieties. Choose fresh peppers with thick walls. Remove stem, seeds, and white membranes, then wash and dry peppers.. Cut into 1/4" strips or rings, or chop in a blender. Dry at 125 degrees F until leathery. Use dried as flavorings as you would use fresh chopped peppers. Great in dips, casseroles, omelets, etc. RHUBARB NEVER eat rhubarb leaves… they are poisonous! Wash rhubarb, trim pulled end and discard leaves. Cut into 1” pieces. Dry at 135 degrees F until leathery. Cook dried rhubarb for sauce, add it to pies, or eat dry as a snack. ************ Cat 05/07/04 DEHYDRATING MEATS Somewhere back in time, man learned that laying strips of meat in the sun dried it well enough to preserve it for use during the winter. Later, someone (I like to think it was a smart woman!!) found that hanging the strips in smoke (probably to keep bugs off of it!!) not only improved the flavor but also better kept it from spoiling. Salting meat and fish before drying was also found to retard spoiling and improve flavor. Today we know that the chemicals in smoke inhibit bacterial growth, and the nitrates in salt do the same. We call it “curing” meats. Though you must use care while curing meat, it is still one of the most effective ways to keep meat and fish without refrigeration. The two basic types of dehydrated meats are dehydrated cooked meat and jerky. Both are dried in the same ways. Lean meats and low-fat fish keep well when dried, but fatty ones spoil quickly. Never dehydrate pork; use only lean parts of *cooked* ham. (Pork must be cooked to be sure it’s safe.) Higher-fat fish may be dried, but must be refrigerated and used as soon as possible. So only choose fresh lean meats and low fat fish for dehydrating. Drying cooked meats is a good way to use up leftovers. It keeps meat tender and ready for use in sandwiches, soups, and casseroles. Cooked meat should be lean and thoroughly cooked. If it’s been cooked in broth, drain it and chill it before dehydrating. The chilling allows you to easily remove any fat. Trim fat from the meat and cut into 1/2” inch cubes. Work with small batches and use careful sanitation. Start your dehydrator at 145 degrees F (if you turn it back to 125 degrees toward the end of the drying process, your cooked meat may be more tender). Evenly spread meat on trays, then dry the cubes from 6 to 12 hours, occasionally stirring. Be sure your dehydrator runs continuously until the meat is dry. Cubes will be tough to hard when done (a cooled cube will be difficult to cut if dried). Blot off any oil before storing. To use, soak in broth or water for 30-60 minutes, then simmer until done. BEEF or VENISON: Best dried as cubes for use in stews and soups. HAM: may be sliced into thin slices or cubes. Be sure it is a fully cooked ham and use lean pieces, spreading only one layer deep on drying trays. Use in bean or cabbage soups, casseroles, or flavoring in meat dishes. POULTRY: Never dry duck or goose because the meat is too fatty. Use chicken or turkey cubes in casseroles or soups. MAKING JERKY Jerky is one of the most interesting products you can make with your dehydrator. Jerky cures usually center around salt, but you can make up whatever recipe you choose according to your own tastes. Besides salt, you can use soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, tomato or barbecue sauce, onion, garlic or curry powder, liquid “smoke” flavoring, seasoned salt, black or red pepper… whatever sounds good! Pick a lean cut of raw meat with as little fat as possible. Or use leftover cooked meat. A meat slicer will make quick and even slices, but you can partially freeze raw meat to get nice, even slices while it’s firm. If you slice with the grain, it will be chewy; across the grain will be more tender but also more brittle. Cut meat into strips about 1” wide, about 1/4” thick, and as long as you want. Trim off any obvious fat. “Dry cures” are salt and seasoning mixtures rubbed into the meat surfaces. Spread the strips in a single layer on a cutting board or other flat surface. Sprinkle the curing mixture evenly on both sides of the meat strips, then layer the strips on top of each other in a glass or plastic container and seal tightly. Refrigerate overnight. “Brine cures” or marinades combine liquid with the salt and spices. Meat is soaked until the salt is absorbed, usually overnight. Use any kind of salt except rock salt, which may contain impurities. Pour the marinade over the strips, cover tightly, and place the container into the refrigerator. Stir or turn several times to ensure thorough coating. Preheat your dehydrator to 145 degrees F. Shake off any excess cure and spread strips on trays in a single layer. Dry until finished, about 4-12 hours. When cooled, jerky should be like a “green stick”… pliable enough to bend but not break (although across the meat grain *might* break!). BEEF: Flank, round and sirloin are the better cuts of meat to use for jerky. Lower cost cuts will make more waste & cause more work trimming the fat. HAM: Use pre-cooked and processed ham for safety. WILD GAME: Deer, elk, moose and bear cam all be made into jerky. Venison (deer) makes very good jerky because it is so lean. The best cuts are flank and round cuts. Before drying, wild game should be frozen for 60 days at 0 degrees F to kill any disease-carrying bacteria that may be present. POULTRY: This is a great way to use up cooked leftovers! Use the same cures as you use for beef. Because poultry is more fibrous, expect it to be more brittle. HAMBURGER: Start with very lean ground beef, or select a chuck roast and have it ground for you. Rather than curing, just mix the flavorings into a meatloaf-type mixture. For example: to 1 pound ground meat, add 1 tsp salt, 1 Tbsp Worcestershire sauce, and 1/4 tsp dried chopped onion. Cover the dehydrator trays with parchment paper or plastic wrap, and roll out the hamburger mixture into a 1/8” layer. Dry for 4 to 6 hours at 145 degrees F. Take out the trays, blot any oil off of the meat, remove paper or plastic wrap, and return meat to trays upside-down. Dry for another 4-6 hours, until hard and leathery. Cut into strips and store.

Cat 04/22/04 First, take it out of the box. Examine everything, making sure every part is there. Be sure to find the instruction booklet before the kids think it would make a great coloring book! Wash the washable parts and dry thoroughly. Give it a little hug and tell it that you are going to be GOOD FRIENDS! If you have a second-hand food dryer with no instruction booklet, ask here if someone else has that make & model. Chances are, *someone* can copy theirs off for you. It would be a good idea to check the temperatures in your dryer with a thermometer, especially if you want to try jerky. Some sites try to tell you that dehydrators are "seasonal". I disagree. If you're using your dehydrator when the fruits & vegetables are in season, use it during the "off seasons" to do bananas, button mushrooms, jerky, etc. A good book is essential, if you can get one. If not, check out your local library! (FREE info at your fingertips!! ) If your DH/significant other is a meat-eater, I guarantee that once you make beef jerky he will encourage you in your dehydrating endeavors. And your jerky won't last long enough to spoil. A good "starter" recipe is just to slice a good piece of lean sirloin steak (watch for sales) into thin, very even slices and marinate them in bottled Teriaki sauce in the refrigerator for a few hours or overnight. (Freezing the steak first and letting it very *slightly* thaw makes it easier to slice evenly.) Then dry as directed. Try button mushrooms! Wash & dry, trim off the ends of stems, slice evenly, dry. Use in casseroles, soups, etc. (Whirl dry in food processor or blender for a finer product that reconstitues quickly.) Bananas are easy but require dipping in a pretreating liquid to keep the color and texture nicely. (I've got a recipe I'll post soon) I use sturdy (name brand) freezer zip-lock bags to store dried foods. Freezer bags are thicker and less likely to split or tear. You can squeeze out excess air that might contain moisture, unlike a glass jar. OK, now... Try something!! And tell us how it went! (Ask if you have further questions!) GOOGLE finds: http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~vista/html_pubs/DRYING/dryfood.html http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:Ftn...foods&hl=en http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesg...dnut/gh1562.htm http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_e/e-322.html (interesting comments on the possible benefits of precooking beef jerky) http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/...ion/DJ0820.html USING dehydrated foods: http://waltonfeed.com/grain/ldscn/74b.html http://www.budget101.com/dehydrated_foods.htm http://chefnoah.com/Cooking/using_dried_foods.htm ************ Caveman 04/22/04 Couple of tips to add here....when using a ziplock bag stick a straw into the corner after closing the bag most of the way and suck out rest of the air and zip shut quickly while removing the straw. Or if you have one of those vac-pac machines you can bag the product in slightly longer than needed bags and then reseal after removing some of the food making it a reusable bag. ************ debbielee 04/23/04 Give apples a try.......they come out so great!! Slice apples into rings.......dip in cinnamon/sugar mix and dehydrate........you can either peel or not...just take out the core (use a plastic maple syrup cap as a cutter)...dip in pineapple juice first or not.....i used pineapple juice cuz it helps to keep the slices from turning brown and adds a nice flavor......but it's not necessary.....and then also dry the pineapple rings.....they come out really nicely too.........even though my directions said not to put sugar/cinn on the apples.......i did it and they tasted sooooo much better than just plain. I did strawberries Kiaja......they came out nicely....and great in cerials ....but don't keep em tooooo long cuz they loose flavor and are yuckie lookin (brown) after a while... ************ unikemom 07/16/04 I have had my dehydrator for 6 years now, and use it faithfully. I dry my chives, parsley, cilantro, onions, and when someone close to us dies, all the immediate family members choose a flower off of the casket cover, I bring mine home and dry them, they keep forever. that way I always have something of that special person. ************ waiting 03/30/06 Question for all of you experienced dehydrators. We live in a very high humidity area. I have considered and looked at dehydrators but never purchased one because of my concern about the high humidity here and being able to store the food. Would this be a problem? If so, how could I correct it so I could store dehydrated items? What is the average shelf life of a dehydrated food? Need more info before purchasing a dehydrater. ************ Mother 03/31/06 If you have high humidity in your area I would suggest that you get a dehydrator with a fan, not one of the small round convection ones. A fan will keep the warm air moving and the humidity forced out. If you are hoping to dehydrate foods without electricity, say after the SHTF, it will be harder to do in a more humid environment but not impossible. Before you purchase a dehydrator, look at the trays in it with an eye to using them to dehydrate foods without electricity, either as is in the dehydrator set in the sunshine, or in some home made appliance. Most are too closed in to use as-is but the trays can be utilized easily. Also, if you make or think you might want to make yogurt or sour cream, be sure to look to see if the dehydrator has temperature settings for that. Some do, most don't, especially the new ones. An old one I have has settings for fruits, vegetables, meats, yogurt and raising breads but it's small with only four trays. Fo those of you who are handy there are a lot of very good hand made dehydrator instructions on line. Some just using a cardboard box. My DH made one years ago from plywood, plexiglass, and tent screening for the trays (with a back up light bulb and fan in case of inclimate weather) that would dehydrate a bushel of apples at a time. Vaccuum sealed, most dried products will keep for years. I don't have one so I often store my dried items in my freezer if I have space. They don't have to be however. I have stored properly dehydrated produce just on a shelf in a dark area for five or more years and not had them go bad. They may start to lose their taste and their nutritional value after the first year or two though. Hope this helps some. ************ RaineLovesJ 04/01/06 If your dehyrator doesn't have a fan (mine doesn't), you can hang, or set, a little fan nearby pointed at the unit. I've had good success with this. I've dried EVERYTHING! Peels and tops of (organic) fruits & veggies for rat treats, or even to grind into powder and add to soups and sauces for thickening and extra flavor. If your apples and pears are a little too yucky to eat, peel away the bruised spots and blend into sauce. Pour into the trays (you can cover them with wax paper, parchment paper, or plastic wrap) and make fruit leather. Mainly now I just use mine to dry herbs for tinctures. I've got a batch of peppers going now. Anything on the verge of going bad is fodder for the dehydrator. It's a whole new way of saving food... -Raine ************ westbrook 05/09/06 Many food Items just don't can or don't can well, but they do dry! http://www.healthgoods.com/Education/Nutri..._vegetables.htm The War Garden Victorious - Appendix 1I Victory Edition 1919 HOME CANNING & DRYING of Vegetables & Fruits http://www.earthlypursuits.com/WarGarV/Hom...eCanDryVE25.htm http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09308.html so much information here! http://www.drying123.com/gen1.htm

Granny's right... and I just learned something new. I always was told that "Accent" WAS a "meat tenderizer". But now I look to see *closely* and see that it only says *flavor enhancer*. So I looked further online... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ How do Meat Tenderizers Work? Meat tenderizers are proteolytic enzymes or proteases, enzymes specialized in breaking the peptide bonds between amino acids found in complex proteins. Meat is held together by a complex protein called collagen, and aside from mechanical tenderization and cooking, enzymes are the only other available meat tenderizers. Meat is often tenderized before cooking, to make it less tough and more suitable for consumption. Meat tenderizers often come in a powdered form that can be sprinkled directly on the meat. Meat tenderizers dissolve some of the sinewy connections within the meat at room temperature. If meat tenderizers are allowed to act for too long, the meat can become squishy and lose its special texture. The most popular meat tenderizer, called bromelain, is composed of a number of protease enzymes and harvested commercially from the stems of pineapple plants, where it is concentrated. The substance can be found throughout the entire plant, but is harvested from the stems because they are usually not consumed and are therefore available to be processed. Besides being a meat tenderizer, bromelain is an excellent anti-inflammatory agent, blocking metabolites that cause swelling. It has been used effectively to treat sports injuries and swelling caused by arthritis. Papain, extracted from the papaya, is another popular meat tenderizer. Less well-known are actinidin, from the kiwi, and ficin, from the fig. In the past, meat tenderizers were injected directly into living animals, but today this is viewed as both inhumane and unnecessary. Most ranches do not put their meat through a tenderization process, leaving that instead to the preferences of consumers in the home. If pure meat tenderizers are put in the mouth, they cause a tingling sensation but are not especially harmful. Meat tenderizers are a common ingredient in marinades. If sprinkled on top of uncooked meat, they independently penetrate the meat within minutes. http://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-meat-tenderizers-work.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The things I learn here...

Usually when you see it listed as an ingredient, they're referring to monosodium glutamate (MSG) mostly sold as the Brand name "Accent". This may explain it: The debate about the pros and cons of MSG (or monosodium glutamate, if you want to practice saying polysyllabic words with a mouth full of take-out) is no ancient Chinese secret. Cooks in the 1950s and 1960s used this food additive mainly as a meat tenderizer under the brand name of Accent. MSG has since become more commonly associated with Chinese fast food (unless you ask for it to be omitted, which people often do). This flavor enhancer, used for almost a century, is made by fermenting starch, corn, sugar beets, molasses, or sugar cane to free naturally occurring glutamate; sodium salts of glutamate are then created that can be used to make certain foods (mostly meat dishes) more intensely flavorful. Glutamate itself is a naturally occurring amino acid found in many protein-rich foods, including cheese, milk, meat, walnuts, and mushrooms. This amino acid is also produced by the body and used in metabolism. MSG first came under criticism and study in the late 1960s, after people reported experiencing a variety of physical symptoms collectively known as the MSG symptom complex that includes severe headaches, a sensation of flushed burning skin in the neck and chest areas, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. MSG is now the most exhaustively studied of all food additives. Based on research studies, both the American Medical Association and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have declared MSG to be safe for general consumption. Although MSG has been shown to be a safe food additive, some people have a sensitivity to products containing MSG. Because these folks experience headaches or difficulty breathing (most often, they have severe and poorly regulated asthma) after eating foods that contain MSG, the FDA requires the labeling of food products that have MSG added. Other sources of free glutamates that may also cause sensitivity reactions in people who experience trouble with MSG include: hydrolyzed protein sodium caseinate calcium caseinate autolyzed yeast yeast extract http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/2208.html ****** And here's the Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate ****** There are natural liquid tenderizers, like papaya juice, but those are usually listed by name. Does this help?

CHAPTER 23 “What about me?” Joy asked quietly, trying to blink away the tears that threatened to come in waves. All eyes turned to look at her as a tear rolled down her face. Liz got up and came to hug her, “Oh, honey!” She said as Joy buried her head on her shoulder and allowed herself to cry. It’s just not fair, Joy thought. Why did Dave have to die? I wouldn’t be in this mess now if he hadn’t died. What was she going to do now? She wondered. Even though she had just had an encounter with God and she trusted Him, Joy felt lost and alone. Ed got up and walked over to where Joy was standing and put his hand on her shoulder. “Joy, I know this isn’t fair to you. Nothing of this has been fair to any of us. But we can’t despair. We must do what we can to keep faith. God will not abandon us. He has not yet, and he never will. Look, we’ll figure something out, ok? We will. I promise.” Joy smiled at her dad, knowing that he was doing everything that he could to comfort her, and nodded her head. She knew he was right, but it seemed like there really was no hope for her at all. She dried her tears and smiled again. “Well, what are we waiting for? We have a couple of weddings to attend!” Ed gave her a quick hug and got back to where he had been sitting. “Ok,” he said. “We are going to do this real quick and simple, then we will do the real thing at a later time. Ok?” After everyone nodded, he asked Liz to get his papers and the seal that the town leaders had provided him with to make things official. Once Liz came back with the papers, he had her give them to Joy. “Ok, Joy, now as nicely as you can, I want you to write up some marriage certificates. While you do that,” he continued as he turned to the two couples, “who wants to go first?” Ann spoke up, “I think Roger and Marie should. That way they can always say that they got married before Leslie did.” She smiled. “Ay, Ann! Who cares?” Juan said. “Actually, I do,” Marie said. “Can we get married first?” Ed nodded. “Sure. Step right over here.” Ed waited until they were standing in front of him, holding hands and then said, “Okay. Roger, do you?” Roger looked at Ed with a blank stare. “Pardon me?” he asked. “I said, Roger, do you? I figure we’ll fill in the blanks at the ‘real’ wedding.” Ed replied shrugging his shoulders. Roger smiled and looked at Marie. “Yes, I do.” “And Marie? Do you?” Ed said, looking at Marie. “I do,” she said, smiling up at Roger. “Ok, then. You can save the kiss for the ‘real’ wedding. Next!” Ed laughed at their disappointed look. Marco and Leslie came and stood in front of Ed. “Marco, do you?” Marco nodded as he looked at his young bride, still dressed in her pajamas. “I do.” “Leslie, do you?” Ed continued. “Yes, with all my heart.” She responded, squeezing Marco’s hand. Just as they were about to kiss, Roger stopped them. “Hey, if we can’t, then you can’t!” He said and everyone laughed, including Joy. After Joy finished making up the marriage certificates, everyone involved signed them, plus two witnesses on each. “It’s late. Why don’t we pray and get to bed, and we will see what tomorrow brings?” Ed said. They all nodded and bowed their heads. Ed prayed that God would bless the marriages that had taken place, and that they would find the right answer for Joy. That He would protect her, and bring about His will in her life. After the prayer, Liz sent the girls home with Juan and Marie, saying that they were not allowed to sleep with their husbands until the ‘real’ wedding took place. There were some complaints, but she just hushed them up. Roger, Allen and Marco went back downstairs to get some sleep. Joy went back into the room she was sharing with Victoria and brushed her hair back to see her face. She kissed her softly on the cheek, and then lay down next to her, running her hand through her hair. She could hear her parents talking, but couldn’t make out what they were saying. She heard footsteps going towards the door, so she quickly got up to see what was happening through the crack in the door. Ed was dressed and was heading out the door. Where could he be going? Joy wondered climbing back into bed, praying her heart out to God, asking Him for more faith. “Jack, Jack!” Ed knocked quietly on the cabin door as loudly as he dared, not wanting to wake the kids up. “Who is it?” Jack said, grabbing his pistol. He had heard commotion at the farmhouse earlier, and wondered if they were now coming to see him. “Jack, it’s me, Ed!” Jack went to the door, still holding his handgun, careful not to wake the babies up. “Is everything ok?” Jack whispered after he made sure that Ed was alone. Ed shook his head. “No, Jack, it’s not. Some men came to the farmhouse tonight to get Joy.” Jack looked shocked. “Joy? Why? Is she ok?” Jack felt a knot form in his stomach. Where did that come from? he wondered. “Look.” Ed said as he handed Jack the paperwork that the men had brought. Ed held up the flashlight he had brought as Jack read the new law. “What? This is ridiculous! Who came up with this stuff? It’s gotta be a joke!” Jack said, not being able to believe what he had just read. Ed shook his head. “Well, maybe it is, but that man, Simon, sure seemed to take it for absolute truth.” “Simon?” Jack asked. “Are you sure it was Simon?” Jack’s stomach tightened into all kinds of knots as Ed nodded his head slowly. Jack shook his head. “Well, then what about Marie and Leslie, and Bethany? Are they going to sell them off too?” Ed shook his head. “We hope not. I just married Marie and Leslie a little while ago.” Jack looked at him and nodded his head. “That was smart. But each of them has someone to marry, and Joy doesn’t”. Ed nodded his head. “Can you help us?” he asked. Jack nodded. “I’ll see what I can do,” he said. “If you stay here with the kids, I’ll go talk to Mr. Bodaway. The twins shouldn’t wake up for a while, but there is stuff ready to be made for them on the counter if you need. I’ll be back as soon as I can.” Ed nodded, “Thank you, Jack. You don’t know how much this means to me,” Ed said, his voice cracking. Jack nodded his head. “I can’t imagine what you are feeling, Ed, but if anyone tried to touch my daughter, I know I’d do anything in my power to rescue her, too. I promise that I will do whatever I can to prevent anything from happening to Joy,” he said as he put his hand on Ed’s shoulder. “I promise.” Jack took off as Ed went in to the cabin and sat on the chair at the small table to pray. Jack went across the lake quickly and then went to the barn and got his horse ready. He rode as fast as he dared in the dark, glad for the full moon. As he reached the Reservation he knew that the tavern was still open, and that all the usual drunks would be there, including Simon. He slowed down, not wanting to draw any attention to himself. Just then, the doors swung open, and one of Simon’s friends came out, struggling to stay on his feet. As soon as he saw Jack, he yelled back into the tavern “Hey, Simon, your friend the Vet is here!” Jack rolled his eyes and held on tightly onto his grandfather’s old Winchester. He waited for Simon to come out of the tavern, not wanting to have his back exposed to him. Simon came out, drunk as ever. “Hey, well, lookie who we got here,” he said loudly, then laughed, thinking that he was real funny. “What are you doing over here at this time of night? You ain’t come to out bid me on that foxy lady, did you? Man she’s hot…I sure do look forward to”- he never got to finish his sentence as Jack spoke up. “So what if I am. It’s a free country, isn’t it? Well, it used to be, anyway,” Jack said, wishing it still was. Simon laughed. “You are so funny, man! You oughtta come in the tavern and get a beer with us! We could have some fun together!” Jack nodded, relieved that it seemed that Simon was drunk enough to not be thinking straight. “Yeah, well, maybe another time,” Jack said, as friendly as he could, wanting to get going. “Well, boys, I got a game I need to finish beating you at. Let’s go!” Simon yelled, going back into the tavern. Jack sighed a heavy sigh of relief. He had never hated anyone, but he was close to hating Simon. The way he had looked at Joy earlier that night at the party made Jack’s blood want to boil. Jack made his way towards Mr. Bodaway’s home as quickly and quietly as he could. He didn’t want any more encounters, especially at this time of the night. Once there, he got off his horse, and tied him to the railing in front of the house. He knocked on the door softly and waited to see if anyone answered. When no one did, he knocked a little louder. This time, he could hear footsteps coming towards him. “Who is it?” Mr. Bodaway asked nervously. “Mr. Bodaway, it’s Jack. Jack Daniels.” Jack replied quickly, wanting to put him at ease. Mr. Bodaway opened his door, a pistol in his hand. “Jack! Are you ok? Are your kids ok?” “We’re all fine, Mr. Bodaway. I’m sorry for disturbing you this late. May I come in? I promise to be real quiet,” Jack smiled. Mr. Bodaway nodded. “Sure, Jack.” They sat on the couch as Jack took out the paper that Ed had given him. “Do you know about this?” Mr. Bodaway adjusted his glasses and squinted in the dim light, then nodded his head. “Yes, I’m afraid I do,” he said sadly. “But, how does this concern you?” he looked at Jack confused. “Well,” Jack answered, “it doesn’t really concern me. It concerns one of my friends, Joy. She lost her husband in one of the terrorist attacks in the Twin Cities, and now she is considered ‘single’. Who agreed to this stuff, anyway?” “My son did, Jack. My son did. I tried to warn him that it wasn’t going to work, but he went ahead and did it anyway. I know this Joy you are talking about. There are several men that have already put a bid in for her, including Wamblee. She is a beautiful woman, and will raise a lot of gold,” the old man nodded thoughtfully. “But why? Why do this? What’s the point?” Jack asked, trying to understand. Mr. Bodaway looked at him surprised. “Well, Jack, because men are greedy, that’s why! There are more men in the Reservation than there are women. They all want to make sure they can get a wife, or at least secure a significant other. Some of them don’t feel like they can compete, say, with someone like you. So they came up with the idea of biding for them. I think it’s one of the most stupid ideas I have ever heard,” he shook his head in disgust. “Your friend Joy will probably end up with the likes of Simon, or even John Runt.” “John Runt? But he is one of the elders of this tribe! Surely he would not stoop this low,” Jack said angrily. Mr. Bodaway put his finger to his lips and motioned Jack to keep it down, as he looked around the living room as if someone were listening. “Who do you think came up with the idea?” he whispered quietly. Jack sat back and shook is head in shock. “This was his idea?” he asked in disbelief. As Mr. Bodaway nodded, “Do you think they will change their minds?” Jack asked him. “No, Jack, I don’t. Not until it’s too late for some of the women. You see, not all men have gold. So it’s not fair to them. Sooner or later, they are going to start complaining that the whole thing wasn’t fair to them, and then, I’m afraid, a worse fate might come on your friend, and women like her. The only ones safe will be the ones that leave, but unfortunately, they probably wouldn’t be able to survive outside of the Reservation. It’s a very different world out there now, Jack. Women don’t stand much of a chance. Neither do men, for that matter, unless they are in a group, like we are.” He shook his head slowly. “So what hope is there for her, then, Mr. Bodaway? What can I go back and tell her father?” “Hope?” Mr. Bodaway smiled sadly, “Like I said, Jack. Her only hope is to escape, or to be married by tomorrow.” Jack shook his head and ran his fingers through his hair. What could he possibly do? If she left, he knew she wouldn’t survive, possibly not even a day. But if she stays, isn’t the fate that awaits her here at the Reservation worse than death? He wondered. Mr. Bodaway interrupted his thoughts, putting his old hand on Jack’s back. “What about you?” “What about me?” Jack looked at him startled. Mr. Bodaway smiled, “Don’t tell me you haven’t thought about marrying her yourself?” he asked. Jack’s face blushed in the darkness. He was glad Mr. Bodaway couldn’t see him that well. “Well, no, actually, I haven’t. But, even if I had, where could I get any gold?” he stammered. Mr. Bodaway laughed softly. “Jack, Jack,” he shook his head. “For a smart man, you are pretty dense!” He looked at his old clock. “It’s still the 2nd, my dear friend. It’s still the 2nd. If you hurry, you still may be able to marry her. That is if you want to, of course,” he paused. “This is the only viable solution I see to this dilemma, Jack.” The old man got up from the couch. “And now you must hurry, man. If this is what you are going to do to save the young lady, then you must hurry.” Jack shook his head and stood up, offering his hand to shake Mr. Bodaway’s. “Thanks Mr. Bodaway,” he said and then turned to go. “Jack,” Mr. Bodaway stopped him by putting his hand on his arm, “are you even remotely attracted to Joy?” he asked. Jack knew why he was asking, but he really didn’t want to answer. It’s as if Jack himself didn’t want to know the answer. For crying out loud! They had both just lost their spouse! How could he be attracted to her? But Jack knew the old man was right. He needed to be at least a little attracted to her to make this work. Jack slowly nodded his head. “I guess I am, Mr. Bodaway, and now I’m off to find out if she’s in the least bit attracted to me.” He said good-bye to Mr. Bodaway and took off as quickly and quietly as he could back to his place. Once there, he put the horse away, and made sure it was well taken care of. He had the chore down pat and was able to do it quickly and efficiently as he had done countless times before. He got to the canoe again and went across the lake, back to the cabin. He went in to find Ed still sitting at the table, praying. Ed looked up at Jack and smiled. “Jack, you’re back!” he whispered. The men walked out to the porch so they could talk, but still keep an ear out for the kids. “Were you able to work something out?” Ed asked, his voice full of hope. Jack shook his head. “No,” he said sadly. “I talked to Mr. Bodaway, and he said this all started because of one of the elders. The elder felt he couldn’t compete with some of the men to get a wife, so he suggested they do this.” Ed looked down and shook his head. “But why?” “Well, it’s quite simply, as Mr. Bodaway put it, greed. Unfortunately, he doesn’t think it will work.” Jack said. “What do you mean, unfortunately? Surely you don’t agree?” Ed asked. “No, of course not!” Jack went on to explain about the fairness of the whole thing to Ed, and what that would mean to the women later on. Ed sat down on the steps and buried his face in his hands. “Oh Lord, oh Lord, what are we going to do?” He said, tears beginning to run down his face. Jack took a deep breath and squatted down in front of Ed. “There is one more option, Ed,” he said quietly. Ed looked up at him quickly, his eyes full of tears. “What?” Jack looked down at the ground. “She could get married.” Ed shook his head. “But to who? Who would want to marry a woman with a four-year-old child? And would she want to marry him?” Jack smiled and shook his head. “Believe me, Ed, there are plenty of men lined up, all ready to marry her. None of which she would have, I’m sure. Ed, we don’t have much time. I’d like to ask your permission to ask Joy to marry me,” Jack finished quickly. He hadn’t thought he would be this nervous about the whole thing, but somehow the seriousness of it was kicking in. Ed looked at Jack surprised. “You?” Jack nodded and shrugged his shoulders. “I like her. She’s a good friend. I can’t say I love her, but I care about her more than all those other yahoos that have bid gold on her already. I think we could make it work. She’s a great mother, and Luke loves her already. He talks about her and Victoria constantly. And, I, I would make sure Joy and Victoria wouldn’t lack anything they need. I promise.” Jack felt his heart pounding. He was asking for Joy’s hand in marriage and somehow it was much more important to him than he had thought it would be. Ed smiled as he put his hand on Jack’s arm. “You have my blessing Jack, and my deep gratitude. Now we better get going. You go on ahead, and once there, send Allen to come and stay with the kids. Then I will come over and see what Joy has decided, ok?” Jack nodded. He helped the older man up and watched him wipe his tears away. “Go Jack, we don’t have much time!” Jack went back into the cabin to grab his heavy shirt, wishing he’d had it when he went into town. He trotted to the farmhouse, the wind brisk on his face. It was a clear night, and the stars were shining brighter than ever. There was a full moon that night, so he had no need for his flashlight, but he brought one anyway. As he made his way there, he prayed that he was doing the right thing, that the Lord would bless his willingness to help Joy. Once at the old farmhouse he knocked softly on the door and a few seconds later, the door opened a crack. He was surprised to see Joy standing there, her long hair pulled back into a braid. “Jack, what are you doing here?” She whispered, holding up a candle and opening the door a little bit more. “Can we talk?” Jack asked quietly, noting that she had been crying. Joy nodded and opened the door and motioned for him to come in. Jack shook his head. “Do you mind if we walk a little?” Joy frowned, but she felt Jack wouldn’t ask if it wasn’t important. “Just a second,” she said as she closed the door on him. She went back into her room, pulled on a pair of jeans and put on socks and tennis shoes. She went outside and found Jack sitting on the porch steps, wringing his hands. He got up quickly, and they walked side by side toward the lake. Joy had left her candle at the house since she knew Jack had a flashlight, and now her hands had nothing to do. She stuck them into her jean pockets and shivered as the cool wind blew against them. Jack glanced at Joy in time to see her shiver. He took off his shirt and draped it around her shoulders, wanting to make sure she was warm enough. “Here,” he said, “put this on.” Joy thought about refusing but decided against it, grateful for the warmth it provided. “Thanks,” she said as she turned to look up at him, a little embarrassed. “Your dad came to see me,” Jack started, not knowing where to start. “My dad did? When? Tonight?” So that’s where he must have gone to, she thought. Jack nodded. “He showed me the paperwork to the so called ‘law’,” he continued. Joy’s eyes started filling up with tears again. “Yeah, I guess I’m out of luck, huh?” Jack paused to look at her in the moonlight, struggling for a second to keep focused. He hated how beautiful she was, as he knew that it was what was getting her in this trouble. Was there nothing she could do about that? The tears that were forming in her eyes made them look brilliant, and her soft skin looked pale under the light of the moon. No wonder so many men had already bid on her! “Look, Joy,” Jack said and then had to pause. “What?” Joy asked him quietly, trying to figure out what he wanted to say, but not wanting to push him. Why had he brought her out here? She enjoyed his company, but at this hour of the night? In the cold? Jack cleared his throat, nervous at what he was about to say. “Like I told your Dad, there is one solution to the dilemma that you are facing.” Dilemma, Joy thought. What do you know about dilemmas? She almost asked him, but decided not to. She knew that Jack also had his share. She felt bad for feeling so irritable and taking it out on him, and knew that she wasn’t being fair. “So, what is it? Leave the Reservation and trust God to provide for me?” She asked, a little sarcastically. Jack shook his head. “No. You could marry me.” Jack watched Joy closely to see her reaction. She looked at him shocked, disbelief filling her eyes. “You want to marry me? Why would you want to do that?” Jack looked away. “I just don’t want you to end up being auctioned off, that’s all!” He responded, feeling a little defensive. Joy shrugged, even more irritated than she had been before. “And this is the best idea you could come up with?” she asked, spreading her arms wide, almost dropping his shirt. “Come on Jack! You’ve got ties! Can’t you go talk to your friend, Mr. Bodaway? He could help, couldn’t he?” “I tried Joy!” Jack responded, trying to calm himself down, but it was hard. Man she can be stubborn, he thought to himself. “And what do you get out of it, Jack?” Joy asked eyeing him suspiciously, wondering if in the end he really was like all the other men. “Nothing!” Jack raised his voice as he threw his hands up in the air. “ARGH! Doggone it, Joy, I’m trying to help you! Look, do you want to marry Simon or do you want to marry me?” Joy turned so Jack couldn’t see her smile. For some reason she found it humorous to see him so upset. ‘Doggone it’ was as close as she had ever heard him come to swearing, so she figured she must have really touched a nerve. Her smile faded as the seriousness of the situation came flooding back. They walked in silence for a little while, each deep in their own thoughts. “Really, Jack. What would you get out of it?” Joy asked softly, her eyes searching his face. She could tell he was really trying to help her, but she needed to know what the motivation was behind it. Jack looked at Joy and saw the fear in her eyes. He shook his head. “Look, Joy, I know this is hard for you. It’s hard for me. Carol died just a day or two before your husband did. So, in that sense, we’re both in the same boat.” He paused and turned back to look at her. “I’m not asking you to be my wife. I’m asking you to marry me. I know it sounds stupid, but it’s the only thing I can think of to get you out of this, this dilemma.” “But why, Jack? If you aren’t asking me to be your wife, then what will you expect from me?” Joy asked, trying to sound as neutral as possible. Inside, her mind was racing and her heart was pounding. She had only had one other proposal in her life, and that had been Dave, because he loved her. She had not been one for casual dating, and had not foreseen getting married again, at least not this soon. But she realized she didn’t have a choice. She would have to marry, and the only choice she had was whom she would marry. Joy knew that Jack was doing what he thought was best for her. But what about him? She didn’t want to be in a relationship where he was her savior. What if he ever got tired of her? What if they didn’t get along? Jack shook his head, and then paused. “Actually, Joy, if you think of it, I stand to gain almost as much as you do.” “What? How?” Joy asked, very interested in what he had to say about it. “Well, I’m depending on you and your family all the time to help with the twins, and most of the time even Luke. There is no way I can be both father and mother to them. They will need a mother, not just now, but growing up also. Especially Grace,” he said with tenderness in his voice. Joy liked that about Jack. She could see the change in his face and the sound of his voice any time he talked about his children. “If we get married, you and Victoria could come and live over at my new place, and we could be a family. You could help me around the house and with the kids, and I will provide for you and Victoria. We both win.” Joy stopped and looked up to him to see if he was serious. Did he really mean it? It sounded like he did. “Jack, you need to know this, as it might change your mind about this whole thing,” she said, searching his eyes. “I may be pregnant.” --------------------